1. Men and women in church (11:2-16)

Every translation of this passage assumes answers to questions whose answers are widely disputed. What is the metaphorical sense of the term head in 11:3-5? Is a covered head (11:4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 15) one partially wrapped by a cloth shawl, concealed by long as opposed to short hair, or with hair arranged on top of the head or braided as opposed to loosed? What were the customary hairstyles of Greeks, Romans, and Jews; rich and poor; men and women; in public, private, and religious settings; and in different geographical areas? What is the precise cultural significance in Paul’s day of a woman’s covered head?

Paul assumes that culturally appropriate modes of dress are not to be lightly flaunted by Christians. But since customs differ significantly historically and geographically, the specific contemporary relevance of this passage may be debated.