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Overseer (episkopēs) may be translated guardian or bishop. Aspire and desire are used positively and indicate that one may seek leadership. To aid in that personal assessment, Paul lists qualifications (vv.2-7). The first group, 3:2-3, lists desirable qualities. Of these, husband of but one wife raises the most questions. Polygamy did occur in the first century but was not widespread. Remarriage is commended for widows later in this epistle so it is assumed that widowers could also remarry (5:11-15; see also 1Co 7:39). Remarriage following divorce is still controversial, although many interpret Mt 19:9 and 1Co 7:15 as providing grounds for divorce and remarriage. In keeping with the other qualities listed, the interpretation should fit in with a lifestyle that reflects well on the church of God.
Paul’s emphasis on male elders is consistent with Jewish customs regarding the position of an elder in the synagogue. Such a gender-specific reference may also reflect the culture of Ephesus (see notes on 2:11-15). 1Ti 3:4-5 shows that the care and management of one’s own home is an important priority if there is to be involvement in God’s house. Immaturity in the faith and a poor reputation can set a person up to fall and thus bring success to the Devil (vv.6-7). The same judgment as the devil indicates that the Devil’s rebellion was a result of conceit (pride). One’s reputation (Gk., “witness”) with outsiders is crucial to the lifestyle that evangelizes (2:2-4). The references to the Devil are in harmony with Paul’s view that we are involved in a war (1:18-20).