B. The Arrival in Bethlehem (1:19-22)

Upon their return, Naomi was hardly recognizable due to the years of hardship. She instructed the women of the city (presumably the men were working the harvest, v.22) to stop calling her “Pleasant.” Her new name, “Bitter,” graphically illustrates the contrast between her former life and her present circumstances. Again, Naomi does not credit her misfortune to fate or chance (cf. v.13). She is convinced that Yahweh is over all, and she uses a rare name for him (šadday) that emphasizes his irresistible strength.

This section’s concluding verse (v.22) summarizes; Naomi has recently returned from Moab and is fully aware of her dire circumstances. By her side stands the faithful but hardly noticeable Moabitess. The author has given no suggestion that Ruth may ultimately provide the answer to Naomi’s plight. He has, however, prepared us for the next unit by relating the time of year, as the barley harvest was beginning.