8:8 the goat became exceedingly great. Alexander’s empire quickly exceeded the Persian Empire in size. By 327 b.c. Alexander had moved east into what is today Afghanistan and then on to the Indus River.

the great horn was broken. Alexander died in Babylon at the age of thirty-three.

instead of it there came up four conspicuous horns. According to v. 22, these horns are four kingdoms that emerged from Alexander’s empire but were inferior to it in strength. After a time of internal struggle, four of Alexander’s generals took portions of the Greek Empire as their own kingdoms. See note 7:6.