11:1 loved. The language of love is used to describe both the father-son relationship and the covenantal relationship between a suzerain and vassal in ancient Near-Eastern treaties (Deut. 6:5; 7:8, 13; 10:15; 23:5).

out of Egypt I called my son. Here and in v. 4 reference is made to God’s deliverance of Israel from slavery in Egypt (Ex. 4:22). Jesus, as the true Israel, was also brought out of Egypt in accordance with this prophecy (Matt. 2:15).