2:1 encouragement in Christ. In their union with the Savior they find encouragement to pursue unity with each other. To follow Christ’s example, they must first be in Christ (cf. v. 5).

comfort from love. Believers are encouraged because Christ loves them (Gal. 2:20), and because they love Christ and one another (v. 2).

participation in the Spirit. This phrase may also be rendered “fellowship produced by the Spirit.”