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Twenty-four [other] thrones surrounded the throne; and seated on these thrones were [a]twenty-four elders dressed in white clothing, with crowns of gold on their heads.

The Throne and Worship of the Creator

From the throne came flashes of lightning and [rumbling] sounds and peals of thunder. Seven lamps of fire were burning in front of the throne, which are [b]the seven Spirits of God;(A) and in front of the throne there was something like a sea or large expanse of glass, like [the clearest] crystal. In the center and around the throne were four living [c]creatures who were full of eyes in front and behind [seeing everything and knowing everything that is around them].(B)

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Footnotes

  1. Revelation 4:4 The twenty-four elders may indicate the twelve tribes of Israel together with the twelve apostles, representing redeemed humanity. Others say the twenty-four may be an angelic order of worship akin to the Aaronic priests.
  2. Revelation 4:5 See note 1:4.
  3. Revelation 4:6 Some scholars identify these creatures as cherubim glorifying God and guarding the throne of heaven; others suggest the creatures represent God’s attributes (especially His omniscience and omnipresence).

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