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in which you formerly walked in accordance with the [present] age[a] of this world, in accordance with the ruler of the authority[b] of the air, of [c] the spirit[d] now being at-work in the sons of [e] disobedience, among whom even we all formerly conducted-ourselves[f] in the desires of our flesh, doing the wants[g] of the flesh and of the thoughts, and were by nature children of [h] wrath, as also the rest. But God, being rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us,

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Footnotes

  1. Ephesians 2:2 Or, the course.
  2. Ephesians 2:2 Or, power, kingdom, empire.
  3. Ephesians 2:2 That is, and of the spirit; or, who is the spirit.
  4. Ephesians 2:2 That is, spirit being, spirit world, or spiritual influence.
  5. Ephesians 2:2 That is, characterized by; or, belonging to.
  6. Ephesians 2:3 Or, lived, behaved.
  7. Ephesians 2:3 Or, wishes, desires.
  8. Ephesians 2:3 That is, belonging to, destined for.

in which you used to live(A) when you followed the ways of this world(B) and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air,(C) the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient.(D) All of us also lived among them at one time,(E) gratifying the cravings of our flesh[a](F) and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature deserving of wrath. But because of his great love for us,(G) God, who is rich in mercy,

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Footnotes

  1. Ephesians 2:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.