Footnotes

1. Genesis 32:23 tn Heb “and he sent across what he had.”
2. Genesis 32:24 sn Reflecting Jacob’s perspective at the beginning of the encounter, the narrator calls the opponent simply “a man.” Not until later in the struggle does Jacob realize his true identity.
3. Genesis 32:24 sn The verb translated “wrestled” (וַיֵּאָבֵק, vayyeʾaveq) sounds in Hebrew like the names “Jacob” (יַעֲקֹב, yaʿaqov) and “Jabbok” (יַבֹּק, yabboq). In this way the narrator links the setting, the main action, and the main participant together in the mind of the reader or hearer.
4. Genesis 32:24 tn Heb “until the rising of the dawn.”
5. Genesis 32:25 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6. Genesis 32:25 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7. Genesis 32:25 tn Or “injured”; traditionally “touched.” The Hebrew verb translated “struck” has the primary meanings “to touch; to reach; to strike.” It can, however, carry the connotation “to harm; to molest; to injure.” God’s “touch” cripples Jacob—it would be comparable to a devastating blow.