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for it is impossible that the blood of bulls and goats take away sins.(A)

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It is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats(A) to take away sins.(B)

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Aaron shall offer the bull, his purification offering, to make atonement[a] for himself and for his household. Taking the two male goats and setting them before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting, he shall cast lots(A) to determine which one is for the Lord and which for Azazel.[b](B) The goat that is determined by lot for the Lord, Aaron shall present and offer up as a purification offering. 10 But the goat determined by lot for Azazel he shall place before the Lord alive, so that with it he may make atonement by sending it off to Azazel in the desert.

11 Thus shall Aaron offer his bull for the purification offering, to make atonement for himself and for his family. When he has slaughtered it, 12 he shall take a censer full of glowing embers from the altar before the Lord, as well as a double handful of finely ground fragrant incense, and bringing them inside the veil, 13 there before the Lord he shall put incense on the fire, so that a cloud of incense may shield the cover that is over the covenant, else he will die. 14 Taking some of the bull’s blood, he shall sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the ark’s cover and likewise sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times in front of the cover.

15 Then he shall slaughter the goat of the people’s purification offering, and bringing its blood inside the veil, he shall do with it as he did with the bull’s blood, sprinkling it on the ark’s cover and in front of it. 16 Thus he shall purge the inner sanctuary[c] of all the Israelites’ impurities and trespasses, including all their sins. He shall do the same for the tent of meeting,(C) which is set up among them in the midst of their uncleanness.

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Footnotes

  1. 16:6 Make atonement: the Hebrew verb kipper refers specifically to the removal of sin and impurity (cf. Ex 30:10; Lv 6:23; 8:15; 16:16, 18, 20, 27, 33; Ez 43:20, 26; 45:20), thus “to purge” in vv. 16, 18, 20, and 33, and more generally to the consequence of the sacrificial procedure, which is atonement (cf. Lv 17:11). “Atonement” is preeminently a function of the purification sacrifice, but other sacrifices, except apparently for the communion sacrifice, achieve this as well.
  2. 16:8 Azazel: a name for a demon (meaning something like “angry/fierce god”). See note on 17:7.
  3. 16:16 Inner sanctuary: this refers to the most holy room (vv. 2, 11–15). Trespasses, including all their sins: the term for “trespasses” (Heb. pesha‘im), which has overtones of rebellion, and the phrase “all their sins” indicate that even sins committed intentionally are included (such as when the sinner “acts defiantly,” as in Nm 15:30–31). This complements the scheme found in Lv 4 (see note on 4:3): intentional sins pollute the sanctuary more and penetrate even further than inadvertent sins, namely to the most holy place. The same for the tent of meeting: this rite may be that found in 4:5–7, 16–18 where blood is sprinkled in the anterior room and blood is placed on the horns of the incense altar there. Cf. Ex 30:10.

“Aaron is to offer the bull for his own sin offering to make atonement for himself and his household.(A) Then he is to take the two goats and present them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of meeting. He is to cast lots(B) for the two goats—one lot for the Lord and the other for the scapegoat.[a](C) Aaron shall bring the goat whose lot falls to the Lord and sacrifice it for a sin offering. 10 But the goat chosen by lot as the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the Lord to be used for making atonement(D) by sending it into the wilderness as a scapegoat.

11 “Aaron shall bring the bull for his own sin offering to make atonement for himself and his household,(E) and he is to slaughter the bull for his own sin offering. 12 He is to take a censer full of burning coals(F) from the altar before the Lord and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense(G) and take them behind the curtain. 13 He is to put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the smoke of the incense will conceal the atonement cover(H) above the tablets of the covenant law, so that he will not die.(I) 14 He is to take some of the bull’s blood(J) and with his finger sprinkle it on the front of the atonement cover; then he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the atonement cover.(K)

15 “He shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people(L) and take its blood behind the curtain(M) and do with it as he did with the bull’s blood: He shall sprinkle(N) it on the atonement cover and in front of it. 16 In this way he will make atonement(O) for the Most Holy Place(P) because of the uncleanness and rebellion of the Israelites, whatever their sins have been. He is to do the same for the tent of meeting,(Q) which is among them in the midst of their uncleanness.

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Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 16:8 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain; also in verses 10 and 26.

Then somebody who is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer and deposit them in a clean place outside the camp. There they are to be kept to prepare purification water for the Israelite community. This is a purification offering.

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“A man who is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer(A) and put them in a ceremonially clean place(B) outside the camp. They are to be kept by the Israelite community for use in the water of cleansing;(C) it is for purification from sin.(D)

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14 This is the ritual: When someone dies in a tent, everyone who enters the tent, as well as everyone already in it, will be unclean for seven days; 15 and every open vessel with its lid unfastened will be unclean. 16 Moreover, everyone who in the open country touches a person who has been slain by the sword or who has died naturally, or who touches a human bone or a grave, will be unclean for seven days. 17 For anyone who is thus unclean, ashes shall be taken from the burnt purification offering, and spring water will be poured on them from a vessel.(A) 18 Then someone who is clean will take hyssop, dip it in this water, and sprinkle it on the tent and on all the vessels and persons that were in it, or on the one who touched the bone, the slain person or the other corpse, or the grave. 19 The clean will sprinkle the unclean on the third and on the seventh day, and thus purify them on the seventh day. Then they will wash their garments and bathe in water, and in the evening be clean. 20 [a]Those who become unclean and fail to purify themselves—those people will be cut off from the assembly, because they defile the sanctuary of the Lord. The purification water has not been splashed over them; they remain unclean. 21 This will be a permanent statute for you.

Those who sprinkle the purification water will wash their garments, and those who come in contact with the purification water will be unclean until evening.

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Footnotes

  1. 19:20 Ritual uncleanness is, as it were, contagious; so also sacredness; see note on 17:3.

14 “This is the law that applies when a person dies in a tent: Anyone who enters the tent and anyone who is in it will be unclean for seven days, 15 and every open container(A) without a lid fastened on it will be unclean.

16 “Anyone out in the open who touches someone who has been killed with a sword or someone who has died a natural death,(B) or anyone who touches a human bone(C) or a grave,(D) will be unclean for seven days.(E)

17 “For the unclean person, put some ashes(F) from the burned purification offering into a jar and pour fresh water(G) over them. 18 Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop,(H) dip it in the water and sprinkle(I) the tent and all the furnishings and the people who were there. He must also sprinkle anyone who has touched a human bone or a grave(J) or anyone who has been killed or anyone who has died a natural death. 19 The man who is clean is to sprinkle(K) those who are unclean on the third and seventh days, and on the seventh day he is to purify them.(L) Those who are being cleansed must wash their clothes(M) and bathe with water, and that evening they will be clean. 20 But if those who are unclean do not purify themselves, they must be cut off from the community, because they have defiled(N) the sanctuary of the Lord.(O) The water of cleansing has not been sprinkled on them, and they are unclean.(P) 21 This is a lasting ordinance(Q) for them.

“The man who sprinkles the water of cleansing must also wash his clothes, and anyone who touches the water of cleansing will be unclean till evening.

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