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11 Ephraim is oppressed, crushed by judgment,
    for he has willingly gone after filth![a]
12 I am like a moth for Ephraim,(A)
    like rot for the house of Judah.
13 When Ephraim saw his infirmity,
    and Judah his sore,
Ephraim went to Assyria,
    and sent to the great king.[b](B)
But he cannot heal you,
    nor take away your sore.

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Footnotes

  1. 5:11 Filth: Ephraim’s reliance on foreign nations and their gods.
  2. 5:13 Ephraim went…king: in 738 the Israelite king Menahem had to pay tribute to the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III, whose vassal he became (2 Kgs 15:19–20). Under the threat of the Syro-Ephraimite invasion King Ahaz of Judah also submitted to Tiglath-pileser (2 Kgs 16:7–9). Great king: Heb. melek-yarev; may be a proper name: King Yarev, but unknown; or “the defender king”: irony about the great king of Assyria (see note on 10:6).

11 Ephraim is oppressed,
    trampled in judgment,
    intent on pursuing idols.[a](A)
12 I am like a moth(B) to Ephraim,
    like rot(C) to the people of Judah.

13 “When Ephraim(D) saw his sickness,
    and Judah his sores,
then Ephraim turned to Assyria,(E)
    and sent to the great king for help.(F)
But he is not able to cure(G) you,
    not able to heal your sores.(H)

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Footnotes

  1. Hosea 5:11 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.