Footnotes

1. Jeremiah 23:19 tn Heb “Behold!”
2. Jeremiah 23:19 tn The syntax of this line has generally been misunderstood, sometimes to the point that some want to delete the word wrath. Both here and in 30:23, where these same words occur, the word “anger” stands not as an accusative of attendant circumstance but an apposition, giving the intended referent to the figure. Comparison should be made with Jer 25:15 where “this wrath” is appositional to “the cup of wine” (cf. GKC 425 §131.k).
3. Jeremiah 23:19 tn The translation is deliberate, intending to reflect the repetition of the Hebrew root, which is “swirl/swirling.”
4. Jeremiah 23:20 tn Heb “until he has acted and until he has carried out the purposes of his heart.”
5. Jeremiah 23:20 sn Sometimes the phrase “in future days” may have a remote, even eschatological, reference. At other times it has more immediate reference as it does here and in the nearly identical 30:24, where it refers to the coming days of Babylonian conquest and exile. See also the note at Gen 49:1.
6. Jeremiah 23:20 tn The translation is intended to reflect a Hebrew construction where a noun functions as the object of a verb from the same root word (the Hebrew cognate accusative).
7. Jeremiah 23:21 tn Heb “Yet they ran.”sn The image is that of a messenger bearing news from the king. See 2 Sam 18:19-24; Jer 51:31; Isa 40:9; 52:7; and Hab 2:2 (the tablet/scroll bore the message the runner was to read to the intended recipients of his message). Their message has been given in v. 17 (see notes there for cross references).