Footnotes

1. Micah 4:8 tn Heb “Migdal Eder.” Some English versions transliterate this phrase, apparently because they view it as a place name (cf. NAB).
2. Micah 4:8 sn The city of David, located within Jerusalem, is addressed as Daughter Zion. As the home of the Davidic king, who was Israel’s shepherd (Ps 78:70-72), the royal citadel could be viewed metaphorically as the watchtower of the flock.
3. Micah 4:8 tn Heb “to you it will come, the former dominion will arrive.”
4. Micah 4:9 tn The Hebrew form is feminine singular, indicating that Jerusalem, personified as a young woman, is now addressed (see v. 10). In v. 8 the tower/fortress was addressed with masculine forms, so there is clearly a shift in addressee here. “Jerusalem” has been supplied in the translation at the beginning of v. 9 to make this shift apparent.
5. Micah 4:9 tn Heb “Now why are you shouting [with] a shout.”
6. Micah 4:9 tn Heb “Is there no king over you?”
7. Micah 4:9 tn Traditionally, “counselor” (cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV). This refers to the king mentioned in the previous line; the title points to the king’s roles as chief strategist and policy maker, both of which required extraordinary wisdom.
8. Micah 4:9 tn Heb “that.” The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) is used here in a resultative sense; for this use see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 73, §450.
9. Micah 4:9 tn Heb “grabs hold of, seizes.”
10. Micah 4:10 tn Or perhaps “scream”; NRSV, TEV, NLT “groan.”
11. Micah 4:10 tn Or “redeem” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
12. Micah 4:10 tn Heb “hand.” The Hebrew idiom is a metonymy for power or control.