Add parallel Print Page Options

II. Promulgation of the Law

Chapter 8

Ezra Reads the Law. [a](A)Now when the seventh month came, the whole people gathered as one in the square in front of the Water Gate, and they called upon Ezra the scribe to bring forth the book of the law of Moses which the Lord had commanded for Israel. (B)On the first day of the seventh month, therefore, Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly, which consisted of men, women, and those children old enough to understand. In the square in front of the Water Gate, Ezra read out of the book from daybreak till midday, in the presence of the men, the women, and those children old enough to understand; and all the people listened attentively to the book of the law. Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden platform that had been made for the occasion; at his right side stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, and on his left Pedaiah, Mishael, Malchijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, Meshullam. Ezra opened the scroll so that all the people might see it, for he was standing higher than any of the people. When he opened it, all the people stood. Ezra blessed the Lord, the great God, and all the people, their hands raised high, answered, “Amen, amen!” Then they knelt down and bowed before the Lord, their faces to the ground. (C)The Levites Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, and Pelaiah explained the law to the people, who remained in their places. (D)Ezra read clearly from the book of the law of God, interpreting it so that all could understand what was read. Then Nehemiah, that is, the governor, and Ezra the priest-scribe, and the Levites who were instructing the people said to all the people: “Today is holy to the Lord your God. Do not lament, do not weep!”—for all the people were weeping as they heard the words of the law. 10 (E)He continued: “Go, eat rich foods and drink sweet drinks, and allot portions to those who had nothing prepared; for today is holy to our Lord. Do not be saddened this day, for rejoicing in the Lord is your strength!” 11 And the Levites quieted all the people, saying, “Silence! Today is holy, do not be saddened.” 12 Then all the people began to eat and drink, to distribute portions, and to celebrate with great joy, for they understood the words that had been explained to them.

The Feast of Booths. 13 On the second day, the heads of ancestral houses of the whole people, and also the priests and the Levites, gathered around Ezra the scribe to study the words of the law. 14 (F)They found it written in the law commanded by the Lord through Moses that the Israelites should dwell in booths during the feast of the seventh month; 15 (G)and that they should have this proclamation made throughout their cities and in Jerusalem: “Go out into the hill country and bring in branches of olive, oleaster, myrtle, palm, and other trees in leaf, to make booths, as it is written.” 16 The people went out and brought in branches with which they made booths for themselves, on the roof of their houses, in their courtyards, in the courts of the house of God, and in the squares of the Water Gate and the Gate of Ephraim. 17 (H)So the entire assembly of the returned exiles made booths and dwelt in them. Now the Israelites had done nothing of this sort from the days of Jeshua, son of Nun, until this occasion; therefore there was very great joy. 18 Ezra read from the book of the law of God day after day, from the first day to the last. They kept the feast for seven days, and the solemn assembly on the eighth day, as was required.

Chapter 9

Public Confession of Sin. [b](I)On the twenty-fourth day of this month, the Israelites gathered together while fasting and wearing sackcloth, their heads covered with dust. (J)Those of Israelite descent separated themselves from all who were of foreign extraction, then stood forward and confessed their sins and the guilty deeds of their ancestors. When they had taken their places, they read from the book of the law of the Lord their God, for a fourth of the day, and during another fourth they made their confession and bowed down before the Lord their God. Standing on the platform of the Levites were Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, who cried out to the Lord their God, with a loud voice. (K)The Levites Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah said,

“Arise, bless the Lord, your God,
    from eternity to eternity!”
“And may they bless your glorious name,
    which is exalted above all blessing and praise.”
[c]“You are the Lord, you alone;
You made the heavens,
    the highest heavens and all their host,
The earth and all that is upon it,
    the seas and all that is in them.
To all of them you give life,
    the heavenly hosts bow down before you.
(L)You are the Lord God
    who chose Abram,
Who brought him from Ur of the Chaldees,
    who named him Abraham.
(M)You found his heart faithful in your sight,
    you made the covenant with him
To give the land of the Canaanites,
    Hittites, Amorites,
Perizzites, Jebusites, and Girgashites
    to him and his descendants.
You fulfilled your promises,
    for you are just.
(N)You saw the affliction of our ancestors in Egypt,
    you heard their cry by the Red Sea;
10 (O)You worked signs and wonders against Pharaoh,
    against all his servants and the people of his land,
Because you knew of their insolence toward them;
    thus you made for yourself a name even to this day.
11 (P)The sea you divided before them,
    on dry ground they passed through the midst of the sea;
Their pursuers you hurled into the depths,
    like a stone into the mighty waters.
12 (Q)With a column of cloud you led them by day,
    and by night with a column of fire,
To light the way of their journey,
    the way in which they must travel.
13 (R)On Mount Sinai you came down,
    you spoke with them from heaven;
You gave them just ordinances, true laws,
    good statutes and commandments;
14 (S)Your holy sabbath you made known to them,
    commandments, statutes, and law you prescribed for them,
    by the hand of Moses your servant.
15 (T)Food from heaven you gave them in their hunger,
    water from a rock you sent them in their thirst.
You told them to enter and occupy the land
    which you had sworn to give them.
16 But they, our ancestors, proved to be insolent;
    they were obdurate[d] and did not obey your commandments.
17 (U)They refused to obey and no longer remembered
    the wonders you had worked for them.
They were obdurate and appointed a leader
    in order to return to their slavery in Egypt.
But you are a forgiving God, gracious and merciful,
    slow to anger and rich in mercy;
    you did not forsake them.
18 (V)Though they made for themselves a molten calf,
    and proclaimed, ‘Here is your God who brought you up from Egypt,’
    and were guilty of great insults,
19 Yet in your great mercy
    you did not forsake them in the desert.
By day the column of cloud did not cease to lead them on their journey,
    by night the column of fire did not cease to light the way they were to travel.
20 (W)Your good spirit you bestowed on them,
    to give them understanding;
Your manna you did not withhold from their mouths,
    and you gave them water in their thirst.
21 (X)Forty years in the desert you sustained them:
    they did not want;
Their garments did not become worn,
    and their feet did not swell.
22 (Y)You gave them kingdoms and peoples,
    which you divided among them as border lands.
They possessed the land of Sihon, king of Heshbon,
    and the land of Og, king of Bashan.
23 (Z)You made their children as numerous as the stars of the heavens,
    and you brought them into the land
    which you had commanded their ancestors to enter and possess.
24 The children went in to possess the land;
    you humbled before them the Canaanite inhabitants
    and gave them into their power,
Their kings and the peoples of the land,
    to do with them as they wished.
25 (AA)They captured fortified cities and fertile land;
    they took possession of houses filled with all good things,
Cisterns already dug, vineyards, olive groves,
    and fruit trees in abundance.
They ate and had their fill,
    fattened and feasted on your great goodness.
26 (AB)But they were contemptuous and rebelled against you:
    they cast your law behind their backs.
They murdered your prophets
    who bore witness against them to bring them back to you:
    they were guilty of great insults.
27 (AC)Therefore you gave them into the power of their enemies,
    who oppressed them.
But in the time of their oppression they would cry out to you,
    and you would hear them from heaven,
And according to your great mercy give them saviors
    to deliver them from the power of their enemies.
28 As soon as they had relief,
    they would go back to doing evil in your sight.
Again you abandoned them to the power of their enemies,
    who crushed them.
Once again they cried out to you, and you heard them from heaven
    and delivered them according to your mercy, many times over.
29 (AD)You bore witness against them,
    to bring them back to your law.
But they were insolent
    and would not obey your commandments;
They sinned against your ordinances,
    which give life to those who keep them.
They turned stubborn backs, stiffened their necks,
    and would not obey.
30 You were patient with them for many years,
    bearing witness against them through your spirit, by means of your prophets;
Still they would not listen.
    Therefore you delivered them into the power of the peoples of the lands.
31 Yet in your great mercy you did not completely destroy them
    and did not forsake them, for you are a gracious and merciful God.
32 (AE)Now, our God, great, mighty, and awesome God,
    who preserves the covenant of mercy,
    do not discount all the hardship that has befallen us,
Our kings, our princes, our priests,
    our prophets, our ancestors, and your entire people,
    from the time of the kings of Assyria until this day!
33 (AF)In all that has come upon us you have been just,
    for you kept faith while we have done evil.
34 Yes, our kings, our princes, our priests, and our ancestors
    have not kept your law;
They paid no attention to your commandments
    and the warnings which you gave them.
35 While they were still in their kingdom,
    in the midst of the many good things that you had given them
And in the wide, fertile land
    that you had spread out before them,
They did not serve you
    nor turn away from their evil deeds.
36 Today we are slaves!
    As for the land which you gave our ancestors
That they might eat its fruits and good things—
    see, we have become slaves upon it!
37 Its rich produce goes to the kings
    you set over us because of our sins,
Who rule over our bodies and our cattle as they please.
    We are in great distress!”

Footnotes

  1. 8:1–18 Chronologically this belongs after Ezr 8:36. The gloss mentioning Nehemiah in Neh 8:9 was inserted in this Ezra section after the dislocation of several parts of Ezra-Nehemiah had occurred. There is no clear evidence of a simultaneous presence of Nehemiah and Ezra in Jerusalem; Neh 12:26, 36 are also scribal glosses.
  2. 9:1–5 The feast of Booths is followed by a penitential liturgy. Since it includes separation from foreigners, some read it as a sequel to Ezr 9–10.
  3. 9:6–37 The Septuagint attributes the prayer to Ezra; cf. Ezr 9:6–15.
  4. 9:16 They were obdurate: lit., “they stiffened their necks.”

all the people came together as one in the square before the Water Gate.(A) They told Ezra the teacher of the Law to bring out the Book of the Law of Moses,(B) which the Lord had commanded for Israel.

So on the first day of the seventh month(C) Ezra the priest brought the Law(D) before the assembly, which was made up of men and women and all who were able to understand. He read it aloud from daybreak till noon as he faced the square before the Water Gate(E) in the presence of the men, women and others who could understand. And all the people listened attentively to the Book of the Law.

Ezra the teacher of the Law stood on a high wooden platform(F) built for the occasion. Beside him on his right stood Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah and Maaseiah; and on his left were Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam.

Ezra opened the book. All the people could see him because he was standing(G) above them; and as he opened it, the people all stood up. Ezra praised the Lord, the great God; and all the people lifted their hands(H) and responded, “Amen! Amen!” Then they bowed down and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground.

The Levites(I)—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan and Pelaiah—instructed(J) the people in the Law while the people were standing there. They read from the Book of the Law of God, making it clear[a] and giving the meaning so that the people understood what was being read.

Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and teacher of the Law, and the Levites(K) who were instructing the people said to them all, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.”(L) For all the people had been weeping as they listened to the words of the Law.

10 Nehemiah said, “Go and enjoy choice food and sweet drinks, and send some to those who have nothing(M) prepared. This day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy(N) of the Lord is your strength.”

11 The Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be still, for this is a holy day. Do not grieve.”

12 Then all the people went away to eat and drink, to send portions of food and to celebrate with great joy,(O) because they now understood the words that had been made known to them.

13 On the second day of the month, the heads of all the families, along with the priests and the Levites, gathered around Ezra the teacher to give attention to the words of the Law. 14 They found written in the Law, which the Lord had commanded through Moses, that the Israelites were to live in temporary shelters(P) during the festival of the seventh month 15 and that they should proclaim this word and spread it throughout their towns and in Jerusalem: “Go out into the hill country and bring back branches from olive and wild olive trees, and from myrtles, palms and shade trees, to make temporary shelters”—as it is written.[b]

16 So the people went out and brought back branches and built themselves temporary shelters on their own roofs, in their courtyards, in the courts of the house of God and in the square by the Water Gate(Q) and the one by the Gate of Ephraim.(R) 17 The whole company that had returned from exile built temporary shelters and lived in them.(S) From the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day, the Israelites had not celebrated(T) it like this. And their joy was very great.

18 Day after day, from the first day to the last, Ezra read(U) from the Book of the Law(V) of God. They celebrated the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day, in accordance with the regulation,(W) there was an assembly.(X)

The Israelites Confess Their Sins

On the twenty-fourth day of the same month, the Israelites gathered together, fasting and wearing sackcloth and putting dust on their heads.(Y) Those of Israelite descent had separated themselves from all foreigners.(Z) They stood in their places and confessed their sins and the sins of their ancestors.(AA) They stood where they were and read from the Book of the Law of the Lord their God for a quarter of the day, and spent another quarter in confession and in worshiping the Lord their God. Standing on the stairs of the Levites(AB) were Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani and Kenani. They cried out with loud voices to the Lord their God. And the Levites—Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah and Pethahiah—said: “Stand up and praise the Lord your God,(AC) who is from everlasting to everlasting.[c]

“Blessed be your glorious name,(AD) and may it be exalted above all blessing and praise. You alone are the Lord.(AE) You made the heavens,(AF) even the highest heavens, and all their starry host,(AG) the earth(AH) and all that is on it, the seas(AI) and all that is in them.(AJ) You give life to everything, and the multitudes of heaven(AK) worship you.

“You are the Lord God, who chose Abram(AL) and brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans(AM) and named him Abraham.(AN) You found his heart faithful to you, and you made a covenant with him to give to his descendants the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Jebusites and Girgashites.(AO) You have kept your promise(AP) because you are righteous.(AQ)

“You saw the suffering of our ancestors in Egypt;(AR) you heard their cry at the Red Sea.[d](AS) 10 You sent signs(AT) and wonders(AU) against Pharaoh, against all his officials and all the people of his land, for you knew how arrogantly the Egyptians treated them. You made a name(AV) for yourself,(AW) which remains to this day. 11 You divided the sea before them,(AX) so that they passed through it on dry ground, but you hurled their pursuers into the depths,(AY) like a stone into mighty waters.(AZ) 12 By day(BA) you led(BB) them with a pillar of cloud,(BC) and by night with a pillar of fire to give them light on the way they were to take.

13 “You came down on Mount Sinai;(BD) you spoke(BE) to them from heaven.(BF) You gave them regulations and laws that are just(BG) and right, and decrees and commands that are good.(BH) 14 You made known to them your holy Sabbath(BI) and gave them commands, decrees and laws through your servant Moses. 15 In their hunger you gave them bread from heaven(BJ) and in their thirst you brought them water from the rock;(BK) you told them to go in and take possession of the land you had sworn with uplifted hand(BL) to give them.(BM)

16 “But they, our ancestors, became arrogant and stiff-necked,(BN) and they did not obey your commands.(BO) 17 They refused to listen and failed to remember(BP) the miracles(BQ) you performed among them. They became stiff-necked(BR) and in their rebellion appointed a leader in order to return to their slavery.(BS) But you are a forgiving God,(BT) gracious and compassionate,(BU) slow to anger(BV) and abounding in love.(BW) Therefore you did not desert them,(BX) 18 even when they cast for themselves an image of a calf(BY) and said, ‘This is your god, who brought you up out of Egypt,’ or when they committed awful blasphemies.(BZ)

19 “Because of your great compassion you did not abandon(CA) them in the wilderness. By day the pillar of cloud(CB) did not fail to guide them on their path, nor the pillar of fire by night to shine on the way they were to take. 20 You gave your good Spirit(CC) to instruct(CD) them. You did not withhold your manna(CE) from their mouths, and you gave them water(CF) for their thirst. 21 For forty years(CG) you sustained them in the wilderness; they lacked nothing,(CH) their clothes did not wear out nor did their feet become swollen.(CI)

22 “You gave them kingdoms and nations, allotting to them even the remotest frontiers. They took over the country of Sihon[e](CJ) king of Heshbon and the country of Og king of Bashan.(CK) 23 You made their children as numerous as the stars in the sky,(CL) and you brought them into the land that you told their parents to enter and possess. 24 Their children went in and took possession of the land.(CM) You subdued(CN) before them the Canaanites, who lived in the land; you gave the Canaanites into their hands, along with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with them as they pleased. 25 They captured fortified cities and fertile land;(CO) they took possession of houses filled with all kinds of good things,(CP) wells already dug, vineyards, olive groves and fruit trees in abundance. They ate to the full and were well-nourished;(CQ) they reveled in your great goodness.(CR)

26 “But they were disobedient and rebelled against you; they turned their backs on your law.(CS) They killed(CT) your prophets,(CU) who had warned them in order to turn them back to you; they committed awful blasphemies.(CV) 27 So you delivered them into the hands of their enemies,(CW) who oppressed them. But when they were oppressed they cried out to you. From heaven you heard them, and in your great compassion(CX) you gave them deliverers,(CY) who rescued them from the hand of their enemies.

28 “But as soon as they were at rest, they again did what was evil in your sight.(CZ) Then you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies so that they ruled over them. And when they cried out to you again, you heard from heaven, and in your compassion(DA) you delivered them(DB) time after time.

29 “You warned(DC) them in order to turn them back to your law, but they became arrogant(DD) and disobeyed your commands. They sinned against your ordinances, of which you said, ‘The person who obeys them will live by them.’(DE) Stubbornly they turned their backs(DF) on you, became stiff-necked(DG) and refused to listen.(DH) 30 For many years you were patient with them. By your Spirit you warned them through your prophets.(DI) Yet they paid no attention, so you gave them into the hands of the neighboring peoples.(DJ) 31 But in your great mercy you did not put an end(DK) to them or abandon them, for you are a gracious and merciful(DL) God.

32 “Now therefore, our God, the great God, mighty(DM) and awesome,(DN) who keeps his covenant of love,(DO) do not let all this hardship seem trifling in your eyes—the hardship(DP) that has come on us, on our kings and leaders, on our priests and prophets, on our ancestors and all your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until today. 33 In all that has happened to us, you have remained righteous;(DQ) you have acted faithfully, while we acted wickedly.(DR) 34 Our kings,(DS) our leaders, our priests and our ancestors(DT) did not follow your law; they did not pay attention to your commands or the statutes you warned them to keep. 35 Even while they were in their kingdom, enjoying your great goodness(DU) to them in the spacious and fertile land you gave them, they did not serve you(DV) or turn from their evil ways.

36 “But see, we are slaves(DW) today, slaves in the land you gave our ancestors so they could eat its fruit and the other good things it produces. 37 Because of our sins, its abundant harvest goes to the kings you have placed over us. They rule over our bodies and our cattle as they please. We are in great distress.(DX)

The Agreement of the People

38 “In view of all this, we are making a binding agreement,(DY) putting it in writing,(DZ) and our leaders, our Levites and our priests are affixing their seals to it.”[f]

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 8:8 Or God, translating it
  2. Nehemiah 8:15 See Lev. 23:37-40.
  3. Nehemiah 9:5 Or God for ever and ever
  4. Nehemiah 9:9 Or the Sea of Reeds
  5. Nehemiah 9:22 One Hebrew manuscript and Septuagint; most Hebrew manuscripts Sihon, that is, the country of the
  6. Nehemiah 9:38 In Hebrew texts this verse (9:38) is numbered 10:1.