Footnotes

1. Psalm 22:12 sn The psalmist figuratively compares his enemies to dangerous bulls.
2. Psalm 22:12 sn Bashan, located east of the Jordan River, was well-known for its cattle. See Ezek 39:18; Amos 4:1.
3. Psalm 22:13 tn “They” refers to the psalmist’s enemies, who in the previous verse are described as “powerful bulls.”
4. Psalm 22:13 tn Heb “they open against me their mouth[s].” To “open the mouth against” is a Hebrew idiom associated with eating and swallowing (see Ezek 2:8; Lam 2:16).
5. Psalm 22:13 tn Heb “a lion ripping and roaring.”
6. Psalm 22:14 tn Heb “like water I am poured out.”
7. Psalm 22:14 sn The heart is viewed here as the seat of the psalmist’s strength and courage.